Winning streak (sports)

In sports, a winning streak refers to a consecutive number of games won. A winning streak can be held by a team, as in baseball, football, basketball, hockey, or by an individual, as in tennis. A winning streak that extends through a single season is known as a perfect season.

The longest winning streak in any professional sports is Jahangir Khan's 555 consecutive wins in squash from 1981 to 1986. Currently, Esther Vergeer is on a 434-match winning streak in wheelchair tennis since January 30, 2003, which included a streak of 250 consecutive sets won.

A winning streak is not to be confused with an unbeaten streak, where teams can tie as well as win and keep their streak. For example, if a football team wins four games in a row, plays a draw, wins three more, plays two draws in a row, and then loses, they had a 10-game unbeaten streak. Their longest winning streak in this sequence was four. If a sports league declares overtime losses different from regulation losses in that they are scored like ties (such as ice hockey leagues where there is both a 4-on-4 overtime and a penalty shootout to break ties), an unbeaten streak (unlike a winning streak) continues if at the end of regulation, the game is tied. This is because losses in overtime and shootout are declared regulation ties, and teams accumulate one point for the draw. As such, if a team wins four consecutive games, then loses two consecutive games in overtime, then loses in a shootout, and then wins three consecutive games, that team has a ten-game unbeaten streak (seven wins and three ties at the end of regulation).

Contents

Aquatic Sports

Diving

Olympics

Men's 3m Springboard

11 consecutive titles at Olympic Games — USA

Men's 10m Platform

7 consecutive titles at Olympic Games — USA

Women's 3m Springboard

8 consecutive titles at Olympic Games — USA

World Championships

Women's 3m Springboard

5 consecutive titles at World ChampionshipsGuo Jingjing

Note: gold medalist in the same event at Athens and Beijing Olympics

Women's 3m Springboard Synchro

5 consecutive titles at World ChampionshipsGuo Jingjing

Note: gold medalist in the same event at Athens and Beijing Olympics

Women's 10m Springboard Synchro

5 consecutive titles at World Championships — China

Swimming

Olympics

Men's 4×100m Medley Relay

13 consecutive titles at Olympic Games — USA

Note: excluding boycotted Moscow Olympics

Women's 4×100m Freestyle Relay

6 consecutive titles at Olympic Games — USA

Note: excluding boycotted Moscow Olympics

World Championships

Men's 4×100m Freestyle Relay

8 consecutive titles at World Championships — USA

College (USA)

31 consecutive NCAA Men's Division III titlesKenyon College

Synchronized Swimming

7 consecutive World Championships team titles — Russia

Archery

Women's Team

6 consecutive titles at Olympic Games — South Korea

5 consecutive world championships titles — South Korea [3]

Athletics

Men's 400m Hurdles

122 races — Edwin Moses

Note: this streak included an Olympic gold medal and two improvements of his own world records.

Long-distance running

75 races — Emil Zatopek[1]

Men's Discus Throw

4 consecutive Olympic titlesAl Oerter

Men's Long Jump

65 consecutive competitions - Carl Lewis

4 consecutive Olympic titlesCarl Lewis

8 consecutive Olympic titles — USA

Men's Pole Vault

6 consecutive World ChampionshipsSergey Bubka

16 consecutive Olympic titles — USA

Men's Cross Country

5 consecutive World Championships (tie)

Men's 110 Meter Hurdles

9 consecutive Olympic titles — USA

Men's High Jump

8 consecutive Olympic titles — USA

Men's 4×100m Relay

8 consecutive Olympic titles — USA

Men's 3000m Steeplechase

7 consecutive Olympic titles - Kenya

Women's high jump

140 to 150 competitions[3]Iolanda Balaş

Note: this streak included 2 Olympic gold medals and 14 improvements of the world record.

Auto racing

Formula One

7 wins — Michael Schumacher

World Rally Championship

8 consecutive World ChampionshipsSébastien Loeb

NASCAR Cup Series

10 wins — 1967 Richard Petty

Note: Many NASCAR Cup Series records are differentiated between pre-1972 and post-1972 records. Three major changes were made for that season:

Many NASCAR streaks came when the series had shorter races — some were under 100 miles. As a result, some NASCAR records are differentiated that way, similar to the NBA differentiating "fewest points" records with pre and post-1954 records, when the 24-second shot clock was introduced.

Post-1972

4 wins (tie) (length of shortest race, in miles, in brackets):

- 1976 Cale Yarborough (216.8)

- 1981 Darrell Waltrip (250)

- 1987 Dale Earnhardt (250)

- 1991 Harry Gant (250)

- 1992 Bill Elliott (300)

- 1993 Mark Martin (220.5)

- 1998 Jeff Gordon (220.5)

- 2007 Jimmie Johnson (263) Jimmie Johnson is the only driver to win 5 consecutive chapionships in the sprint cup series

Note: In seven of the eight instances, at least one of the wins was in a 500-mile race. Mark Martin's 1993 streak ended at Darlington, where the Mountain Dew Southern 500 was stopped 16 laps early because of darkness.

Basketball

Olympics

7 Consecutive Men's titles at Olympic Games — USA

NBA

33 games — 1971-1972 Los Angeles Lakers

College (USA)

NCAA Women's Division I

All games

90 games — Connecticut

Note: The Wayland Baptist University women's basketball team achieved a winning streak of 131 games which started November 7, 1953 and ended March 20, 1958 (ended by Nashville Business School 42-46). However, a national organizing structure for women's intercollegiate basketball did not exist until the AIAW was established in 1971; the NCAA did not begin organizing women's sports until 1981. Wayland Baptist instead played in competitions sponsored by the Amateur Athletic Union.[4]

Regular-season games only

By NCAA convention, the "regular season" does not include games in conference tournaments or in any national postseason tournament.

71 games — Connecticut

NCAA Men's Division I

All games

88 games — UCLA

Regular-season games only

By NCAA convention, the "regular season" does not include games in conference tournaments or in any national postseason tournament.

74 games — UCLA

Bat-and-ball games

Baseball

World Championships

Men

9 consecutive World Cup titles — Cuba

Major League Baseball

By a team

26 games — New York Giants

Note: The Giants tied the Pirates in the second game of a doubleheader 1-1 on September 18, 1916. Major League Baseball excludes all games which end in ties from their official statistics. The longest winning streak without ties in Major League Baseball is 21 games, achieved by the Chicago Cubs in 1935. The Oakland Athletics hold the American League record at 20 games, set in 2002.

By a pitcher

24 consecutive winning decisionsCarl Hubbell, New York Giants

Note: Hubbell's streak was achieved in 27 games as he also pitched three no-decisions. In baseball, only losing decisions can end winning streaks by pitchers.

College (USA)

NCAA Division I

34 games (tie):

NCAA Division II

46 games — 2000 Savannah State University

NCAA Division III

44 games — 2008 Trinity College (Connecticut)

NAIA

41 games — 1990 Point Park College (Pittsburgh, PA)

Softball

7 consecutive World Championships — USA

Cricket

Test

16 matches — Australia

Note: Australia equalled this record with another 16 wins in a row from December 2005 until January 2008.

ODI

21 matches — Australia

World Cup

25 matches[5]Australia

Twenty20 International

8 matches - England

International Cricket (All Forms)

20 matches (17 ODIs and 3 tests) - Australia[6]

Domestic or Club Twenty20

25 matches - Sialkot Stallions (Pakistan)[7]

Combat sports

Boxing

Professional

87 — Julio César Chávez (light welterweight)[8]

Note: After two more wins Chávez lost to Frankie Randall on 29 January 1994 to end an unbeaten streak of 90 matches.

Longest unbeaten streak[9]

103 — Jimmy Wilde (flyweight)[10]

Note: all fights were in the UK against boxers of the UK. The records for international fights are:

93 — Pedro Carrasco (lightweight)[11]

91 — Sugar Ray Robinson (middleweight)[12]

Olympics

3 consecutive Olympic gold medals (tie)

7 consecutive Olympic heavyweight titles — Cuba

Note: excluding boycotted Los Angeles and Seoul Olympics

World Championship

6 consecutive heavyweight World ChampionshipsFélix Savón

Note: winner of 3 consecutive Olympic gold medals (1992–2000)

Judo

6 consecutive titles at World ChampionshipsRyoko Tani

Mixed Martial Arts

Men

20 fights — Miguel Torres

Women

22 fights — Megumi Fujii

Longest unbeaten streak

32 fights (30 wins, 1 draw, 1 no contest) — Igor Vovchanchyn

Wrestling

The Undertaker have the winning streak in WWE Wrestlemania 19-0.

Olympics

Men's Freestyle

187 consecutive matches including 1964 Tokyo OlympicsOsamu Watanabe

Note: The only modern Olympian to go unbeaten throughout his entire career.

6 consecutive Men's heavyweight Olympic titles — USSR

Note: excluding boycotted Los Angeles Olympics

Men's Greco-Roman

13 years including 3 consecutive Olympics titles (1988–1996) — Alexander Karelin [4]

6 consecutive Men's heavyweight Olympic titles — USSR

Note: excluding boycotted Los Angeles Olympics

World Championships

Men's Freestyle

6 consecutive titles at World ChampionshipsSergey Beloglazov [5]

19 consecutive team titles at World Championships — USSR

Men's Greco-Roman

9 consecutive titles at World ChampionshipsAlexander Karelin

Note: winner of 3 consecutive Olympic gold medals (1988–1996)

21 consecutive team titles at World Championships — USSR and Russia

Women's Freestyle

6 consecutive team titles at World Championships — Japan

College (USA)

159 matches — Cael Sanderson, Iowa State

Note: never lost a single NCAA match in entire collegiate career (1998–2002)

High school (USA)

459 consecutive matches — Brandon High School, Brandon, Florida[13][14]

Sumo

69 matches — Futabayama Sadaji

Cycling

Men

7 consecutive Tour de France - Lance Armstrong

Women

5 consecutive Women's sprint world championships - Félicia Ballanger

Note: winner of 3 Olympic gold medals in cycling

15 consecutive Women's sprint world championships - USSR

Equine sports

Dressage

7 consecutive Olympic Team titles — Germany

9 consecutive World Championships — Germany

Horse racing

By a racehorse

56 races — Camarero[15]

By a jockey

12 races — Gordon Richards

Football

Association football

International

19 FIFA World Cup appearances — Brazil

Note: Brazil is the only national football team to have played in every World Cup.[6]

15 consecutive FIFA World Cup second round qualifications — Germany

15 games — Spain[16]

Note: Spain (7 Feb 2007 - 24 Jun 2009) also shares with Brazil (16 Dec 1993 - 21 Jan 1996) the unbeaten record of 35 games. Brazil's loss at the 1996 CONCACAF Gold Cup was by the under-23 (Olympic) team, but is officially counted as a loss of the national team.[17] Otherwise the Brazil national team wouldn't lose until 30 May 1997 (2:4 vs Norway), thus extending it to 45 games.

Professional club football

24 games — Coritiba Foot Ball Club [18][19]

National leagues

Jordan League

32 games — 2001-2003 Al-Faisaly [20][19]

Portuguese Liga

29 games — 1971-1973 S.L. Benfica[21]

Croatian League

28 games — 2007-2008 Dinamo Zagreb[21]

Scottish Premier League

25 games — 2003-2004 Celtic F.C.[21]

Eredivisie

22 games — 1987-1988 PSV Eindhoven[21]

Serie A

17 games — 2006-2007 F.C. Internazionale Milano[21]

La Liga

16 games — 2010-2011 F.C. Barcelona[22]

Chilean Primera División

16 games — 1963–1964 Club Universidad de Chile

Fußball-Bundesliga

15 games — 2005-2006 Bayern Munich[21]

Major League Soccer

15 games — Los Angeles Galaxy[23]

Note: This streak was achieved when MLS used a shootout rule to eliminate tie games. Only one of those wins was achieved through a shootout. After the 1999 season, MLS abolished the shootout in favor of the international model of letting regular-season ties stand.

Premier League

14 games — Arsenal F.C.[21]

Campeonato Brasileiro Série A

12 games — 1978-1978 Guarani[21]

Unbeaten streaks

The three longest undefeated streaks in domestic top level leagues are:[24]

Note: Steaua București played 16 domestic cup games during the streak, of which only the first was lost. Overall, after a cup loss to Dinamo Bucuresti on 25 June 1986 to their league loss on 9 September 1989 to Dinamo, Steaua was undefeated in 119 consecutive domestic games.[25]

Australian rules football

Australian Football League

23 wins — 1952-53 Geelong Cats

Gridiron football

American football

National Football League

Consecutive Games Won (Regular Season and Playoffs)

21 games — New England Patriots

Consecutive Regular Season Games Won

23 games — Indianapolis Colts

Consecutive Regular Season Home Games Won

25 games — Green Bay Packers

College football

NCAA Division I

47 games — Oklahoma Sooners

Longest unbeaten streak

63 games (59-0-4) — Washington Huskies

NCAA Division II

40 games — Grand Valley State Lakers

Note: This streak includes playoff games.

NCAA Division III

55 games — Mount Union Purple Raiders

Note: This streak includes playoff games. Mount Union also holds the record for most consecutive regular season victories, winning 110 games between 1994-2005.

Special Note: Linfield College holds the NCAA all-divisions record of 56 consecutive winning seasons, which began in 1956 and continues to this day.

Arena football

AF2

24 wins — Quad City Steamwheelers

American Indoor Football Association

Consecutive Games Won (Regular Season and Playoffs) 16 wins — Baltimore Mariners

Consecutive Regular Season Games Won 15 wins — Baltimore Mariners

United Indoor Football

40 games — Sioux Falls Storm

Canadian football

Canadian Football League

22 games — Calgary Stampeders

Note: The streak only includes the regular season. It was also achieved back when the Stampeders played in the Western Interprovincial Football Union, which later became the Canadian Football League West Division. The CFL was not formally founded until 1958, although the records of the WIFU and the Interprovincial Rugby Football Union in Eastern Canada (forerunner to the Canadian Football League East Division) were incorporated into the league.

Canadian Interuniversity Sport football

19 games — Laval Rouge et Or[27]

Note: The streak also includes playoff games.

Rugby union

Test matches

All nations

18 matches — Lithuania[28]

"Tier 1" nations

17 matches (tie)

Rugby league

NRL - Canterbury Bulldogs (17) - Round 3 to Round 21 2002

Golf

Men's Major Championships

4 consecutive wins - Tiger Woods

In 1930, Bobby Jones won the 4 major championships that he, as an amateur, was eligible to enter - the U.S. Open, the Open Championship, the British Amateur Championship and the U.S. Amateur Championship.

PGA Tour

11 wins — 1945 Byron Nelson

LPGA Tour

5 wins (tie):

1978 — Nancy Lopez

2004-2005 — Annika Sörenstam

Gymnastics

Women

10 consecutive Women's Team all-around titles at Olympic Games — USSR and Unified Team

Note: excluding boycotted Los Angeles Olympics

Hockey

Ice hockey

World Championships

9 consecutive World Championships — USSR

National Hockey League

Longest Winning Streak by a Team

17 games — Pittsburgh Penguins

Note: Pittsburgh tied New Jersey 6-6 on April 10, 1993 to end the regular season. They won an additional three games to start the 1993 playoffs before losing for the first time in 21 games on April 25, 1993 to New Jersey, 1-4.

Longest Unbeaten Streak by a Team

35 Games — Philadelphia Flyers

Note: The 35 game stretch includes 10 ties.

Longest Winning Streak By a Goaltender

17 games — 1975-1976 Gilles Gilbert, Boston Bruins

Canadian Hockey League

25 games — 1984 Kitchener Rangers[29]

Note: The London Knights hold the CHL record for the longest unbeaten streak with 31 games in 2004. During that streak, the Knights compiled a record of 29-0-2-0.[30]

American Hockey League

18 games — Syracuse Crunch[31]

Note: The longest winning streak in one season was achieved by the Philadelphia Phantoms with 17 games between Oct. 22, 2004 and Nov. 27, 2004.

Federal Hockey League

21 games — New York Aviators

Austrian Hockey League

17 games — EC KAC[32]

Elite Ice Hockey League

22 games — Cardiff Devils

Lacrosse

National Lacrosse League

22 games — Buffalo Bandits

Men's Collegiate Lacrosse Association

33 games-- Sonoma State University

Mind sports

Chess

25 games — 1873-1882 Wilhelm Steinitz

Racquet sports

Badminton

Women's Singles

8 consecutive titles at World Championships — China

Women's Doubles

10 consecutive titles at World Championships — China

5 consecutive titles at Olympic Games — China

Men's Team

5 consecutive titles at the World Team Championships — Indonesia

Women's Team

6 consecutive titles at the World Team Championships — China

Squash

555 matches — Jahangir Khan

Note: This is the longest winning streak in sports history (in number of wins).

NB: Heather McKay (Australia) may hold a claim to having the longest winning streak as she went unbeaten for 19 years (1962–1981)

Table Tennis

Men's Doubles

10 consecutive titles at World Championships — China

5 consecutive titles at Olympics Games — China

Notes: The doubles events were replaced by team events in 2008 Beijing Olympics.

Women's Singles

6 consecutive titles at World ChampionshipsAngelica Rozeanu [7]

6 consecutive titles at Olympics Games — China

9 consecutive titles at World Championships — China

Women's Doubles

6 consecutive titles at World ChampionshipsMária Mednyánszky and Anna Sipos

12 consecutive titles at World Championships — China

5 consecutive titles at Olympics Games — China

Notes: The doubles events were replaced by team events in 2008 Beijing Olympics.

Women's Team

8 consecutive titles at World Championships — China

Mixed Doubles

11 consecutive titles at World Championships — China

Tennis

Professional

Men

46 matches — Guillermo Vilas (Open era record)[33]

Note: Open era winning streaks on different playing surfaces are also recognized. Roger Federer holds the record for the longest winning streak on grass courts (65 matches) and hard courts (56 matches), Rafael Nadal holds the record for the longest winning streak on clay courts (81 matches), while Ivan Lendl holds the record for the longest winning streak on indoor courts (66 matches). Vilas won his 46 consecutive matches all on clay courts.[33] Also, John McEnroe has the record for best start to a year, going 42-0 in 1984. Novak Djokovic had 43-match winning streak until his loss to Roger Federer in the semi-finals of the 2011 French Open, a streak that included a 41-0 start to 2011.

Women

From 1919 through 1938, she (Helen Wills Moody)amassed a 398–35 (0.919) match record,[2] including a winning streak of at least 158 matches, during which she did not lose a set.

74 matchesMartina Navratilova

Note: Chris Evert currently holds the record for the longest winning streak on clay courts (125 matches), that is also the longest winning streak on single surface (male or female).

10 consecutive US Open women's doubles titlesMargaret Osborne duPont

Wheelchair

434 matches — Esther Vergeer

College (USA)

NCAA Men's Team

137 Matches — University of Miami

(Note: Miami had won 72 consecutive matches prior to the streak...and had a 59 match streak before that...meaning Miami won 268 of 270 matches over a 15-year period...1949-1964)

NCAA Women's Team

89 Matches — Stanford University

Rowing

Men's Eights

8 consecutive titles at Olympic Games — USA

Sailing

America's Cup

25 Cups — United States

Note: With 132 years, this is the longest winning streak (in years) in sports history.

Olympics

4 consecutive Olympic titles — Paul Elvstrøm

Volleyball

Beach volleyball

112 match wins, 19 tournament wins — Misty May-Treanor and Kerri Walsh, United States

College Volleyball (USA)

Division I

109 matches — Penn State women's volleyball

Note: winner of 4 consecutive NCAA championships (2007–2010)

Division II

75 matches - Concordia University, Saint Paul women's volleyball

Note: winner of 5 consecutive NCAA championships (2007–2011)

Weightlifting

Olympics

3 consecutive Olympic gold medals (tie)

7 consecutive heavyweight Olympic titles — USSR

Note: excluding boycotted Los Angeles Olympics

6 consecutive super heavyweight Olympic titles — USSR

Note: excluding boycotted Los Angeles Olympics

World Championships

8 consecutive titles at World ChampionshipsVasiliy Alekseyev

Winter Sports

Biathlon

8 consecutive women's relay World Championships — USSR

Figure skating

3 consecutive Olympic gold medals (tie)

Ladies

10 consecutive titles (1927–1936) at World Figure Skating ChampionshipsSonja Henie

Pairs

10 consecutive titles at World Figure Skating ChampionshipsIrina Rodnina

Note: winner of three consecutive Olympic titles from 1972 to 1980

10 consecutive titles at European Figure Skating ChampionshipsIrina Rodnina

12 consecutive Olympic titles — USSR, Unified Team and Russia

Note: this streak includes a win reduced to a draw after the 2002 Olympics.

14 consecutive titles at World Figure Skating Championships — USSR

17 consecutive titles at European Figure Skating Championships — USSR

Luge

105 consecutive women's World Cup races — Germany [11]

11 consecutive women's singles World Championships — Germany

8 consecutive mixed team relay World Championships — Germany

Speed skating

Long track

53 consecutive 5000 m races — Hjallis Andersen [12]

12 consecutive 10000m World Championships — Netherlands

9 consecutive men's allaround World Championships — Netherlands

15 consecutive women's allaround World Championships — USSR

Short track

83 consecutive world cup, world championship, and Olympic 500 m races — Wang Meng [13]

Note: Wang Meng also has a current winning streak of six 500 m Short Track Speed Skating World Cups (2005–2010)

See also

References

  1. ^ Win Streaks at Association of Road Racing Statisticians website
  2. ^ http://espn.go.com/sportscentury/features/00016079.html
  3. ^ The estimate ranges from 140 (Guinness Book of records before 1990) to 150 (same publication after that). She herself mentions a 142 competition streak.
  4. ^ Longman, Jeré (December 18, 2010). "Before UConn, Before U.C.L.A., There Was Wayland Baptist". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/19/sports/ncaabasketball/19wayland.html?_r=1&sq=wayland&st=cse&scp=1&pagewanted=all. 
  5. ^ Venkatramani, V., The Roar, "Highlights from our record WC streak", 9th March 2011, Retrieved March 27th 2011.
  6. ^ ESPN Cricinfo Combined Test, ODI and T20I records, team records, Most consecutive wins, Retrieved 27th March 2011.
  7. ^ ESPN Cricinfo Twenty20 matches, team records, most consecutive wins, Retrieved 27th March 2011.
  8. ^ Julio César Chávez's record at oxRec.com
  9. ^ Historic boxing statistics at theboxinghistorian.com
  10. ^ Jimmy Wilde's record at BoxRec.com
  11. ^ Pedro Carrasco's record at BoxRec.com
  12. ^ Sugar Ray Robinson's record at BoxRec.com
  13. ^ http://highschool.rivals.com/content.asp?CID=758793
  14. ^ http://sports.espn.go.com/ncaa/highschool/news/story?id=3183805
  15. ^ http://www.thoroughbredtimes.com/weekly-feature-articles/2005/August/05/Camareros-record-of-56-consecutive-wins-turns-50.aspx
  16. ^ http://www.eloratings.net/Spain.htm
  17. ^ http://www.fifa.com/associations/association=bra/fixturesresults/gender=m/index.html
  18. ^ As recognized by Guinness World Records [1]
  19. ^ a b Al-Faisaly appears to have a 32 or 33 game overall winning streak from 20 August 2001 to 30 June 2002, including matches played in the Jordan League, Jordan FA Cup, Jordan Super Cup, and Jordan Shield Cup [2], but according to Guinness the team entered a tournament during this time where they drew or lost a game before withdrawing from it
  20. ^ Al-Faysali's series of 32 matches unbeaten (all wins!) in the Jordan League at Rec.Sport.Soccer
  21. ^ a b c d e f g h http://soccerlens.com/the-longest-winning-streaks-in-football-history/6000/
  22. ^ http://www.fcbarcelona.com/web/english/noticies/futbol/temporada10-11/01/29/n110129115418.html"
  23. ^ http://la.galaxy.mlsnet.com/news/team_news.jsp?ymd=20071017&content_id=123994&vkey=news_lag&fext=.jsp&team=t106
  24. ^ Unbeaten in the Domestic League at The Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation website
  25. ^ Steaua's series of 104 matches unbeaten in the Divizia A at the RSSSF website
  26. ^ http://www.gohuskies.com/photos/schools/wash/sports/m-footbl/auto_pdf/WASH_FB_Records.pdf
  27. ^ http://www.cfl.ca/article/cis-top-10-rouge-et-or-still-undefeated
  28. ^ "Lithuania set new Rugby World Record". International Rugby Board. 2010-04-26. http://www.rugbyworldcup.com/qualifying/news/newsid=2037051.html#lithuania+rugby+world+record. Retrieved 2010-04-27. 
  29. ^ http://www.chl.ca/chlrecordBook.php?award=19
  30. ^ http://www.chl.ca/chlrecordBook.php?award=22
  31. ^ http://ahlhalloffame.com/team-records-p139031
  32. ^ http://www.erstebankliga.at/8f234634abc92fd30763c1e63b89d9bf.html?arrSave%5bArticleID%5d=6126
  33. ^ a b Guillermo Vilas 1977 playing activity at atpworldtour.com
  34. ^ Associated Press (2010-09-11). "Penn State's win streak ends at 109". ESPN.com. http://sports.espn.go.com/ncaa/news/story?id=5562162. Retrieved 2010-09-11.